1-4 Basic concepts

NUCLEUS AND CYTOPLASM
This image is higher magnification view of a liver section.
The majority of the liver cells are epithelial cells called hepatocytes. Blue or purple circles seen inside their cytoplasm are the nuclei of the hepatocytes. Inside many of them observe a strongly stained round structure, the nucleolus.
Hematoxylin and eosin are the stains the were used to stain this histological section. The nuclei appear blue/purple with hematoxylin and the cytoplasm pink/orange with eosin. This is the most commonly stain combination used to observe histological sections. In the final part of this chapter you can find more informations on staining histological sections.
The hepatocytes seem to form columns or cords. Actually, however, the liver hepatocytes are organized as three-dimensional plates. Later in this chapter you will realize that thin sections of three-dimensional structures need to be properly interpreted, in order to understand the true arrangement of their cells as they form tissues and organs.
Blood passes inside the spaces that exist between the plates of hepatocytes, but in this section they appear empty as a result of the procedute used to produce the section.
To find out the sizes of structures of this image, use the bar placed at the lower right corner of the figure, which measures measures 20 μm.

Below the image observe the figure of a hand holding a mouse. This means that a special effect caused by the position of the mouse cursor will help you to recognize some structures of this organ.
Placing the mouse cursor over the image or clicking on the image will distinguish the cytoplasm – in pink – and the nuclei in blue.



Liver. Hematoxylin and eosin. Medium magnification.

Desktops and notebooks: Place the cursor over the figure to access another image.
Touchscreens: Click on the figure to access another image. Click outside of the figure to return to the first image.

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